Tiger grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and giant grouper ( Epinephelus lanceolatus) are having a high commercial value in Malaysia, the price of these groupers is between USD 12 and 90 per kilogram 3. Around 21 species of groupers are cultured in Asia, especially in China, Japan, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, and Malaysia for domestic consumption and overseas export 2. Groupers of the family Serranidae, are acknowledged as economically-valued marine fish in Asian countries 1. biserrata can act as a potential biocontrol agent. The tandem mass spectrometry data from LC-QTOF indicated some hits on useful bioactive compounds such as terpenoids (ivalin, isovelleral, brassinolide, and eschscholtzxanthin), flavonoids (alnustin, kaempferol 7,4′-dimethyl ether, and pachypodol), phenolics (piscidic acid, chlorogenic acid, and ankorine), and aromatic (3-hydroxycoumarin).
Further, at various low concentrations of N. The significant anti-parasitic activity of 100% mortality of leeches was observed with the exposure of N. biserrata was determined through LC-QTOF analysis. The composition of methanol extract of N. arugamensis and disinfestation of the leech from its primary host hybrid groupers. Various concentrations of methanol extracts of the plant were tested experimentally against Z. In this study, we tested the anti-parasitic potential of a medicinal plant Nephrolepis biserrata found in Sabah, East Malaysia against Z. Marine leech Zeylanicobdella arugamensis (Piscicolidae), an economically important parasite is infesting predominantly cultured groupers, hybrid groupers and other fish in Southeast Asian countries.
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